Bombay Hills
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The Bombay Hills are a range of hills to the south of Auckland, New Zealand. Though only a small and seemingly insignificant range of hills, they lie at the southern boundary of the Auckland region, and serve as a divide between Auckland and the Waikato region.[1] There is a 19th-century settlement, Bombay, on the old main road south of Auckland, the Great South Road.
Aucklanders and other New Zealanders have a mostly light-hearted "love-hate" relationship. Stereotypically, Aucklanders view parts of the country "south of the Bombay Hills" as provincial and unsophisticated, while the rest of the country sees Aucklanders as brash and arrogant. For this reason, the boundary between Auckland and its southern neighbours bears great significance. People on both sides of the boundary are as likely to use the phrase "New Zealand stops at the Bombay Hills".[2] The term was adopted by 1990s New Zealand reggae band Southside of Bombay.
Location
[edit]The hills are located 40 kilometres (25 mi) southeast of Auckland, close to the town of Pukekohe. State Highway 1 here reaches its highest point between Auckland and Tīrau in the eastern Waikato Region, 134 kilometres (83 mi) to the southeast. Bombay is the nearest settlement to the southern fringe of the Auckland metropolitan area.
Name
[edit]The settlement of Bombay and hence the Bombay Hills are directly named after the ship Bombay, which landed in Auckland and brought settlers to the area, originally called Williamson's Clearing, in 1865.[3] The ship itself was named after the Indian city of Bombay (now Mumbai).
Geology
[edit]The Bombay Hills are a remnant of a shield volcano from the South Auckland volcanic field, which erupted an estimated 600,000 years ago.[4] The hills are overlain by Hamilton Ash tephra which has weathered to create some of the best soils for market gardening in New Zealand.
The Bombay Hills are the barrier that halts the northward progression of the Waikato River. The hills cause it to turn west towards the coast where it empties into the Tasman Sea near Port Waikato.
Demographics
[edit]Bombay Hills statistical area covers 30.16 km2 (11.64 sq mi)[5] and had an estimated population of 2,080 as of June 2024,[6] with a population density of 69 people per km2.
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 2006 | 1,659 | — |
| 2013 | 1,509 | −1.34% |
| 2018 | 1,866 | +4.34% |
| 2023 | 1,989 | +1.28% |
| The 2006 population is for a larger area of 31.68 km2. Source: [7][8] | ||
Bombay Hills had a population of 1,989 in the 2023 New Zealand census, an increase of 123 people (6.6%) since the 2018 census, and an increase of 480 people (31.8%) since the 2013 census. There were 987 males, 999 females and 3 people of other genders in 669 dwellings.[9] 2.0% of people identified as LGBTIQ+. The median age was 45.1 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 357 people (17.9%) aged under 15 years, 303 (15.2%) aged 15 to 29, 960 (48.3%) aged 30 to 64, and 366 (18.4%) aged 65 or older.[8]
People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 81.3% European (Pākehā); 13.3% Māori; 3.5% Pasifika; 13.0% Asian; 2.0% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 2.1% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English was spoken by 95.8%, Māori language by 1.4%, Samoan by 0.3%, and other languages by 13.6%. No language could be spoken by 1.8% (e.g. too young to talk). New Zealand Sign Language was known by 0.3%. The percentage of people born overseas was 22.5, compared with 28.8% nationally.[8]
Religious affiliations were 31.5% Christian, 2.7% Hindu, 1.8% Islam, 0.3% Māori religious beliefs, 0.5% Buddhist, 0.6% New Age, 0.2% Jewish, and 2.6% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 52.0%, and 8.0% of people did not answer the census question.[8]
Of those at least 15 years old, 354 (21.7%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 930 (57.0%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 351 (21.5%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $49,800, compared with $41,500 nationally. 318 people (19.5%) earned over $100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 903 (55.3%) people were employed full-time, 243 (14.9%) were part-time, and 24 (1.5%) were unemployed.[8]
Residents
[edit]The Bombay Hills has many former athletes as residents including Eric Murray (Olympic rower), Katherine Prumm (World Champion motorcyclist) and Andy Dalton (former All Black captain). Bombay is also the location of a monastery of enclosed Benedictine nuns, Tyburn Monastery.
Walkways
[edit]Since the closure of Te Araroa long-distance walkway through the Hunua Ranges in 2018, it has followed Pinnacle Hill Road for 6.5 km (4.0 mi) through the Bombay Hills.[10]
The 4.5 km (2.8 mi) Mount William Walkway runs parallel to Te Araroa, linking 376 m (1,234 ft) Puketutu and 369 m (1,211 ft) Mount William. It goes through bush with kauri, hard beech and king ferns and has views to Waikato, the west coast and Firth of Thames.[11]
Notable buildings
[edit]- St Peter in the Forest Church (Anglican)[12]
See also
[edit]- The Watford Gap, a similar cultural border concept in the United Kingdom
- Jafa, a sometimes pejorative term for a resident of Auckland
References
[edit]- ^ "Auckland's Bombay hills, the frontier". Michaelfield.org. 9 July 2006. Archived from the original on 24 March 2010.
- ^ "Auckland places – Papakura and the rural south-east". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Teara.govt.nz.
- ^ "Bombay Hills in the 1966". Encyclopaedia of New Zealand. A. H. McLintock. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
- ^ Hayward, Bruce W. (2017). Out of the Ocean, Into the Fire. Geoscience Society of New Zealand. pp. 207–211. ISBN 978-0-473-39596-4.
- ^ "Stats NZ Geographic Data Service". Statistical Area 2 2023 (generalised). Retrieved 20 February 2025.
- ^ "Aotearoa Data Explorer". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
- ^ "Statistical area 1 dataset for 2018 Census". Statistics New Zealand. March 2020. Bombay Hills (166300). 2018 Census place summary: Bombay Hills
- ^ a b c d e "Totals by topic for individuals, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses". Stats NZ – Tatauranga Aotearoa – Aotearoa Data Explorer. Bombay Hills (166301). Retrieved 3 October 2024.
- ^ "Totals by topic for dwellings, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses". Stats NZ – Tatauranga Aotearoa – Aotearoa Data Explorer. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
- ^ "Te Araroa - New Zealand's Trail – Auckland trail notes". www.teararoa.org.nz. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
- ^ "Mount William Walkway". Department of Conservation. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
- ^ "Church of St Peter in the Forest (Anglican)". New Zealand Heritage List/Rārangi Kōrero. Heritage New Zealand. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
37°12′39″S 175°01′19″E / 37.210781°S 175.021992°E
